17. The inverting amplifier¶
In this circuit the operational amplifier inverts and amplifies the input signal.
The inverting amplifier has negative feedback because the output voltage produces a current that reaches the negative input terminal through resistor R2.
Scheme of the inverting operational amplifier.¶
Profit calculation¶
The gain formula for this amplifier is as follows:
To calculate the gain of this scheme we must take into account that with negative feedback the two inputs - and + will have the same voltage. This means that the voltage at the - input will be equal to zero, since the + input is connected to ground.
From this premise, the input current will be equal to Vin / R1. That same current will be the one that flows through R2, since no current flows through the input of the operational amplifier. In that case the voltage across R2 will be equal to the current through the resistance Vout = R2 · Vin / R1. Rearranging we get the previous profit equation.
Input and output resistance¶
The input resistance will be equal to resistance R1.
The output resistance will be very low, ideally zero, because the output is directly connected to the output of the op amp.
Simulation¶
In the following simulation we can see a gain 5 inverting amplifier that amplifies a small sinusoidal input signal.
En color verde podemos ver la forma de onda de la tensión de entrada y en color rojo podemos ver la forma de onda de la tensión de salida.
Exercises¶
Draw the simplified schematic of an inverting operational amplifier.
Write the formula for the gain of the inverting operational amplifier above.
¿Qué tipo de realimentación tiene este circuito? ¿Qué les ocurre a las tensiones de entrada
-y+del amplificador operacional con ese tipo de realimentación?Draw two graphs representing the input voltage and output voltage of the simulated inverting amplifier.
What peak voltages do each of the two graphs represented have? You can stop the simulation and zoom to full screen to measure more accurately.
Calculate the resistors needed to make an inverting operational amplifier have an input resistance of 1000 Ohms and a voltage gain equal to -100.
Dibuja en papel un esquema realista de este amplificador, con una alimentación de +-15 voltios y una entrada de tensión senoidal de 0.1 voltios.
Con ayuda del simulador de circuitos dibuja el esquema de un amplificador operacional inversor basado en un amplificador operacional real (LM324) que amplifique la señal de un generador de tensión de onda cuadrada con una tensión de pico de 1 voltio. La ganancia de tensión debe valer -2.
Añade la tensión de alimentación del amplificador operacional con la fuente de tensión de un terminal (letra V mayúscula).
Grafica en el mismo osciloscopio la señal de tensión del generador y la señal de tensión de salida del amplificador operacional. Borra las gráficas amarillas de corriente.